Learner Training and Learner Autonomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Learner Training and Learner Autonomy - Essay Example English for Academic Purposes (EAP) is a growing branch of ESP atypical to Higher Education. This can have courses be fundamentally diverse from country to country, especially while English is the medium of instruction for a scientific subject, as it is in large parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent (Mokhtari, K., & Sheorey, R. 1994). Basically, the goal of pragmatic EAP is to fit students into existing academic and social structures, not to encourage them to question or revise those structures. Feminist pedagogy, on the other hand, assumes a need for greater dialogue across races, classes, and genders to equalize power in society and promote social change (Maher & Tetreault, 1994). When the students' needs consist of "the quick and economical use of the English language to pursue a course of academic study" (Coffey, 1984, p. 3), English for academic purposes (EAP) is offered. The incorporation of writing into the EAP curriculum, however, necessitates collaboration with the instructor in the other discipline, following what Shih (1986) calls the "adjunct model" of many university composition programs for native students. But the development of such programs for ESL students has been slow, and Shih recommends that we learn from existing programs: The potential contributi... What is needed, minimally, is cooperation from subject-area instructors and ESL faculty willingness to step into subject-area classrooms and keep up with class events. For ESL instructors seeking to set up adjunct courses, the experiences of composition adjunct programs already in place for native students are a rich source of information. (p. 640) In the field of EAP (English for Academic Purposes), what might be called the 'traditional' method for instance, in published materials such as the Oxford University Press English Studies Series is to select a number of reading texts, typically simplified, within a particular subject-area, and to affix word-lists, 'comprehension questions' and 'language practice exercises' to them. There are two major criticisms that can be leveled at this approach. First, in looking for passages which are short and autonomous and which will not cause too much alarm or discomfiture to the language-teacher without specialist training in the subject-area. The inclination is to select 'semi-popular' texts (the writer communicating with a wider audience, for instance in scientific journalism) rather than 'academic' texts (the writer communicating with students of the subject, for instance in a textbook; or with his/her peers, for example in a research paper) though it is the latter the student will have to read and not the former. Subsequently, there is the danger that the materials might by stressing small points of linguistic and realistic detail, and by persuading reference to the glossary, be training students in precisely those strategies which has shown to be linked with ineffective language learning. A newer generation of materials for instance, those prepared by the University of Malaya English

Child Observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Child Observation - Essay Example After about five minutes of solitaire play with his toy car which was interjected with loving remarks from his mother and aunt, Jack was joined by his brother. The brother apparently envied the attention and attempted to grab some. He proceeded to snatch the toy from Jack who decided that he was not about to let anyone steal his thunder or his toy. Jack literally flew on his older brother. The impact of Jack’s body connecting with his brother’s brought the brother to the ground. They rolled on the ground for about a second when the aunt barked at them to stop. Jack released his hold crying and complaining in an incomprehensible language. His brother was then disciplined and Jack quickly stopped the crying and began to console his brother. Biologically, Jack has developed on an average scale with other 23 month toddlers. Prenatally his mother notes his similar development to his brother, that is, a normal development. There were no complications during prenatal or actual delivery of Jack. At birth and for the first year of his life, he was below the border line in terms of physical growth both with the size of his head and his general weight. However, by the middle of his second year he had developed just barely above the border line in the average weight of children his age. Although his mother insists that he has an above average appetite he still remains at the border line. Jack’s mother maintains that Jack is able to assist in brushing his teeth. He dresses himself, that is, he puts on his pants albeit it reaches around his waist like a belt because both of his legs are in the same pants leg but he is proud when he does it. Endless mess is the order of the day when he insists on feeding himself. He has yet showed no signs of readiness for toilet training except that he is able to remove his pants for himself. Thus, his mother confirms that he is on par with the other 23 month old toddler development. Cognitively, Jack